{"id":991123,"date":"2024-07-20T00:00:01","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T21:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.wayanatapas.com\/?p=991123"},"modified":"2026-07-13T23:52:28","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T20:52:28","slug":"dunyanin-ilk-master-of-winei-gal-gestin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wayanatapas.com\/en\/dunyanin-ilk-master-of-winei-gal-gestin\/","title":{"rendered":"The World's First 'Master of Wine': GAL GEST\u0130N"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Anadolu topraklar\u0131nda derin izler b\u0131rakan Hititlerin elimize ula\u015fan tabletleri, ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve \u015farab\u0131n bu kadim uygarl\u0131ktaki yerini anlayabilmemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131r. Tabletlerin de\u015fifre edilerek yorumlanan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan elde etti\u011fimiz sonu\u00e7lar, hen\u00fcz devam eden ve uzun s\u00fcre boyunca da devam edecek olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla, kim bilir, daha bilmedi\u011fimiz ne \u00e7ok \u015feyi kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan tabletlerin uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan yorumlanmas\u0131yla, Hititlerin \u015farapla ilgisinin hem dinsel t\u00f6renlerde ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kutsal bir anlam y\u00fcklemesi hem de Hitit kraliyet ailesi ve \u00e7evresinin se\u00e7kin i\u00e7kisi olarak kabul edilmesi oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Ama halk kesiminin de \u015faraba yo\u011fun ilgi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni tabletlerin i\u00e7eriklerinden anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Hitit h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n cenaze t\u00f6renlerinin 12 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve bu s\u00fcre boyunca her g\u00fcn\u00fcn ayr\u0131 bir ana ba\u015fl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kay\u0131tlar g\u00f6steriyor. Yas d\u00f6neminin dokuzuncu g\u00fcn\u00fc tar\u0131mla ilgili adak ve yakar\u0131lara ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ve ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n da ilke olarak bu kapsamda olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, son g\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen rit\u00fcel, \u015farap ve asman\u0131n nas\u0131l farkl\u0131 bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00f6renlerde ana\u00e7 \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Ya\u015fl\u0131 Asma konsepti gibi, asmalardan kesilen taze bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131ndaki yolculu\u011funda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ekmemesi i\u00e7in bereket sembol\u00fc bu gen\u00e7 asma s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcyle ifade edilmekte ve \u00f6l\u00fcy\u00fc saran kuma\u015flara ili\u015ftirilmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bir ba\u015fka Hitit rit\u00fcelinde istenen verimlili\u011fe ula\u015famayan ba\u011flar\u0131n bereketini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen ayinde bir di\u015fi domuzun cinsel organ\u0131 ba\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fclerek topra\u011f\u0131n tekrar canlanmas\u0131 konusunda tanr\u0131lardan yard\u0131m istenmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Hitit kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan GAL-GEST\u0130N unvan\u0131n\u0131 Hitit ordular\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netim sorumlulu\u011funu ta\u015f\u0131yan ve h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ailesinin \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen se\u00e7kinlerin \u00fcstlendi\u011fini biliyoruz. Ama bu unvan\u0131n i\u00e7erdi\u011fi bir ba\u015fka anlam ve yetki alan\u0131 var. Hitit dilinde \u2018Chief of Wine-\u015earap Ba\u015f\u0131\u2019 anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bu unvan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan makam, ba\u011flar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve verimlili\u011fini kanunlar yoluyla sa\u011flar ve uygular, ayr\u0131ca hem dinsel t\u00f6renlerin hem de halk\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u015farap ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecini y\u00f6netir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131kta benzetti\u011fimiz \u2018Master of Wine\u2019 unvan\u0131 elbette ordular\u0131n y\u00f6netimi ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan benzerlik ta\u015f\u0131maz. Ama \u015farab\u0131n Hitit uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihsel \u00f6neme bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, y\u00f6netim erkinin en \u00fcst saflar\u0131nda yer alan politik ve askeri y\u00f6neticilerin asli sorumluluklar\u0131ndan birinin ba\u011flar\u0131n dirlik ve d\u00fczenini sa\u011flamak, verimlili\u011fi g\u00f6z etmek ve \u00fcretimin aksamadan devam etmesini sa\u011flamak olmas\u0131na \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmamak elde de\u011fil.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>

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\"Hitit\"<\/figure>\r\n<\/div><\/div>
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This blog is based on the information of Leonardo Massi, Carlo Corti and Belkis Din\u00e7ol, who are competent experts in their fields. Wine history is an area that does not receive the attention it deserves in our country. We owe them a debt of gratitude for their academic studies, which will serve as a resource for future wine history works. Cheers!<\/p>\r\n

GAL-GE\u015eT\u0130N: Hitit Saray\u0131nda Hem Ordu Komutan\u0131 Hem Asma Hamisi<\/p>\r\n

Hitit \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun o \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131l\u0131 tabletlerinden s\u00fcz\u00fclen “GAL-GE\u015eT\u0130N” (\u015earap \u015eefi \/ M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc) unvan\u0131, \u015farab\u0131n o d\u00f6nemde yaln\u0131zca bir gastronomi \u00f6gesi de\u011fil, bizzat saray hiyerar\u015fisinin ve askeri b\u00fcrokrasinin en tepe noktas\u0131ndaki bir iktidar ve g\u00fcvenlik enstr\u00fcman\u0131 oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlar. Bu unvan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan y\u00f6neticiler, genellikle kraliyet ailesine mensup, sava\u015f meydanlar\u0131nda Hitit ordular\u0131n\u0131 sevk ve idare eden en k\u0131demli generaller aras\u0131ndan titizlikle se\u00e7ilirdi. Ancak bu y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbenin askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc, asman\u0131n ve \u015farab\u0131n korunmas\u0131yla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. GAL-GE\u015eT\u0130N, devletin \u015farap ikmal hatlar\u0131n\u0131 denetlemek, tap\u0131naklarda tanr\u0131lara sunulan kutsal “libasyon” (s\u0131v\u0131 sunusu) t\u00f6renlerinin rit\u00fcel standartlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve saray mahzenlerinin mutlak g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamakla m\u00fckellefti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu kadim konum, lojistik g\u00fcc\u00fc, dini me\u015fruiyeti ve askeri otoriteyi tek bir kadehin asil sorumlulu\u011funda birle\u015ftiren e\u015fsiz bir antik idari dehad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

Hitit Yasalar\u0131nda Ba\u011f G\u00fcvencesi ve Tar\u0131msal Disiplin<\/p>\r\n

Anadolu topraklar\u0131nda \u015farap \u00fcretiminin bir devlet politikas\u0131 olarak nas\u0131l disipline edildi\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in Hititlerin o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in devrim niteli\u011findeki hukuk kodlar\u0131na bakmak gerekir. GAL-GE\u015eT\u0130N\u2019in idari kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki ba\u011f alanlar\u0131, imparatorluk kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n en kat\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet koruma maddeleriyle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir ba\u011fa zarar vermenin, asma k\u00fct\u00fcklerini s\u00f6kmenin veya mahzenlerden \u015farap \u00e7alman\u0131n cezalar\u0131, d\u00f6nemin di\u011fer Mezopotamya uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n aksine do\u011frudan a\u011f\u0131r tazminat yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131yla disipline edilmi\u015fti. \u00dcreticinin hakk\u0131n\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131n verimlili\u011fini ve asman\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak ad\u0131na ba\u011flar\u0131n aras\u0131na domuz \u00fcreme organlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi gibi dinsel rit\u00fceller bile bizzat devlet g\u00f6zetiminde organize edilirdi. Bu y\u00fcksek hukuki ve idari hassasiyet, Hititlerin \u015farab\u0131 tesad\u00fcfi bir tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak de\u011fil, imparatorlu\u011fun k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik omurgas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinin rasyonel birer an\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

Hitit \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun o sars\u0131lmaz devlet hiyerar\u015fisinde asman\u0131n ve kadehlerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flayan GAL-GE\u015eT\u0130N unvan\u0131, antik Anadolu ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k yasalar\u0131 ve \u015farab\u0131n bu topraklardaki kurumsal tarihi ilginizi \u00e7ekiyorsa, blogumuzdaki di\u011fer nitelikli tarihsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131za da g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz:<\/p>\r\n