{"id":991261,"date":"2024-09-21T06:35:50","date_gmt":"2024-09-21T03:35:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.wayanatapas.com\/?p=991261"},"modified":"2026-07-10T16:36:08","modified_gmt":"2026-07-10T13:36:08","slug":"sucig-islamiyet-oncesi-turklerde-sarap-sozcugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wayanatapas.com\/en\/sucig-islamiyet-oncesi-turklerde-sarap-sozcugu\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00dc\u00c7\u0130G: The Word for Wine Among Pre-Islamic Turks"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00d6nce yaz\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk dil tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel ve Orta Asya ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc konular\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetledi\u011fimiz iki paragrafl\u0131k bir \u00f6n bilgi yaz\u0131m\u0131z var. S\u00fc\u00e7ig s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc oradan sonra devam ediyor.<\/p>\r\n

Semantik Evrim: “Tatl\u0131” K\u00f6k\u00fcnden Fermente S\u0131v\u0131ya Uzanan Yol<\/h2>\r\n

\u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrk dillerinin s\u00f6z varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda “\u015farap” ve “alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki” kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan en eski ve asil terim olan “s\u00fc\u00e7ig” (s\u00fc\u00e7i) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, dilbilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici bir semantik (anlamsal) evrim haritas\u0131na sahiptir. Kadim T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7elerinde bu s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn k\u00f6keni, do\u011frudan “tatl\u0131, lezzetli, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ho\u015f” anlamlar\u0131na gelen “s\u00fc\u00e7ig” s\u0131fat\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud\u2019un an\u0131tsal eseri Div\u00e2nu L\u00fcgati’t-T\u00fcrk\u2019te de yerini bulan bu terim, asman\u0131n salk\u0131mlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcz\u00fclen taze \u00fcz\u00fcm \u015f\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n o yo\u011fun \u015fekerli ve tatl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunur. Zamanla, bu tatl\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n yabani mayalarla spontan fermentasyona u\u011framas\u0131, alkoll\u00fc bir karaktere b\u00fcr\u00fcnmesi ve kadehlerde olgunla\u015fmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde de kelime anlam\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015f; do\u011frudan “fermente \u00fcz\u00fcm suyu, yani \u015farap” kavram\u0131n\u0131n kendisini kar\u015f\u0131layan teknik bir terime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu dilbilimsel veri, kadim T\u00fcrklerin \u015farab\u0131 tan\u0131mlarken onun ilk duyusal karakterine, yani damakta b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 o asil ve tatl\u0131 aromatik mirasa verdikleri de\u011feri kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131ndan Turfan Vahalar\u0131na: Uygur Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/h2>\r\n

S\u00fc\u00e7ig kelimesinin G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ve Uygur d\u00f6nemi metinlerinde bu denli k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir bi\u00e7imde yer almas\u0131, \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrklerin yaln\u0131zca g\u00f6\u00e7ebe bir hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ekonomisine s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131 ve Turfan Vahalar\u0131’nda son derece ileri bir yerle\u015fik ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve enoloji k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc geli\u015ftirdiklerini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00c7in y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131 (Tang ve Han hanedanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n raporlar\u0131), Gaochang (Turfan) b\u00f6lgesindeki T\u00fcrklerin binlerce d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fck vahalarda dikey asma ba\u011flar\u0131 kurduklar\u0131n\u0131, kehribar sar\u0131s\u0131 tatl\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcmler yeti\u015ftirdiklerini ve bu \u00fcz\u00fcmlerden elde ettikleri “s\u00fc\u00e7ig”leri killi k\u00fcplerde y\u0131lland\u0131rarak devasa bir Akdeniz tipi ticaret a\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rd\u00fcklerini hayranl\u0131kla kaydeder. Uygur hukuk belgelerinde ba\u011f arazilerinin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, s\u00fc\u00e7ig k\u00fcplerinin miras payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve ba\u011f bozumu rit\u00fcellerine dair korunan somut kay\u0131tlar, bu kadim i\u00e7ece\u011fin bozk\u0131r diplomasisinde, toy (ziyafet) rit\u00fcellerinde ve toplumsal katmanlarda ne denli birle\u015ftirici ve asil bir diplomatik enstr\u00fcman olarak kabul edildi\u011fini tarihsel birer an\u0131t olarak \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n

Bu yaz\u0131ya e\u015flik eden harita bir dil uzman\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f. Son derece kolay anla\u015f\u0131lan, \u015farap s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi arkaik dillerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar evrilerek geldi\u011fini anlat\u0131yor. Dikkat ederseniz, haritan\u0131n Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc kapsayan ortak renk, asl\u0131nda \u00fclkemizin ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hitit uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tabletlerle bize ula\u015fan dilinden beslendi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. (\u0130zin verirseniz, bizim ad\u0131m\u0131z olan WAYANA\u2019n\u0131n da ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten geldi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m.) Hitit\u00e7e, yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7en en eski Proto-Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi \u00f6rneklerinden birisi olarak kabul ediliyor.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131 i\u00e7inde bu k\u00f6kten gelmeyen ve lokal olarak kullan\u0131lan birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. A\u00e7\u0131k ye\u015fil renkle belirtilen \u00fclke Macaristan; \u015farap kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan s\u00f6zc\u00fck \u2018bor\u2019. Fars\u00e7a k\u00f6kenli olup T\u00fcrkler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Macarlara aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haritan\u0131n lejand\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Kom\u015fumuz Yunanistan \u015farap kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u2018krasis\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131yor. Eski Yunan dilinde kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak anlam\u0131na gelen bu s\u00f6zc\u00fck, antik Yunan metinlerinde \u015farab\u0131n i\u00e7ine su (ve di\u011fer katk\u0131 maddeleri) kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla da a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor. Fransa-\u0130spanya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6lgede de eski Bask dilinden gelen \u2018ardo\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc var.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Today, our country and Turkish-origin states use the word \u2018\u015farap\u2019 for wine. After the Turks adopted Islam, the increasing influence of Arabic words in the language eventually led to the establishment of the word \u2018\u015farap\u2019 for wine. Considering that the Turks were familiar with wine before Islam, one might wonder which word or words were used to refer to wine in pre-Islamic times.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Eski Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde \u2018bor\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015farap anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bug\u00fcn Macarcada kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hemen hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m. Bor s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn e\u015f anlaml\u0131s\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan \u2018s\u00fc\u00e7ig\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de Uygurlarda \u015farap anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, Orhon T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde s\u00fc\u00e7ig tatl\u0131 anlam\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Zaman i\u00e7inde ilerleyip Karahanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminin kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda da s\u00fc\u00e7ig s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn hem tatl\u0131 anlam\u0131nda hem de i\u00e7ecek ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u015farap anlam\u0131nda yer buldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde s\u00fc\u00e7ig s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde fonetik de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve tatl\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcmden yap\u0131lan \u015farap anlam\u0131nda \u2018s\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u2019 ve \u2018su\u00e7u\u2019 formlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131m\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde \u2018s\u00fc\u00e7i\u2019 \u015farap, \u2018s\u00fc\u00e7i-hane\u2019 \u015farap d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131, \u2018s\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u2019 tatl\u0131, lezzetli, ho\u015f anlamlar\u0131nda yer bulur. Osmanl\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerinde \u2018s\u00fc\u00e7ik\u2019 ve \u2018s\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcg\u2019 \u015farap kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer almakla birlikte, kullan\u0131m s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fer\u00e2b, m\u00fcl, mey, hamr, b\u00e2de, \u015fira gibi Arap\u00e7a s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin giderek gerisine d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

In modern Turkish, \"s\u00fc\u00e7i\" and \"s\u00fc\u00e7ig\" have disappeared, replaced entirely by the word \u2018\u015farap\u2019 for wine. However, records show that the word \"s\u00fcci\" was used regionally in Konya and Tokat, \"s\u00fcc\u00fc\" in Izmir, and \"s\u00fcnci\" in Ordu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

It is noteworthy that researchers have pointed out that this usage, rooted in \"s\u00fc\u00e7,\" which simultaneously carried the meanings of \"sweet\" and \"wine,\" is derived from the root of \"milk\" that has undergone fermentation to become sweet (milk=s\u00fct in Turkish). Even though it no longer finds a place in our current usage, it is a pleasant thought that our Turkish language has a word of its own origin, not imported from Arabic, in its history.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

I have referenced the work \"From Mare's Milk to Wine: Evaluations on the Word 'S\u00dc\u00c7\u0130G' in Old Turkish Culture\" by Ca\u015ftegin Turgunbayer and Hasan \u0130si for this article. We thank both authors for their open-to-public research.K\u0131srak S\u00fct\u00fcnden \u015earaba: Eski T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u2018S\u00dc\u00c7\u0130G\u2019 Kelimesi \u00dczerine De\u011ferlendirmeler<\/em><\/strong>I have referenced the work \"From Mare's Milk to Wine: Evaluations on the Word 'S\u00dc\u00c7\u0130G' in Old Turkish Culture\" by Ca\u015ftegin Turgunbayer and Hasan \u0130si for this article. We thank both authors for their open-to-public research.<\/p>\r\n

Orta Asya vaha ba\u011flar\u0131ndan kadehlerimize uzanan s\u00fc\u00e7ig teriminin o dilbilimsel evrimi ve \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrklerin kadim enoloji haf\u0131zas\u0131 ilginizi \u00e7ekiyorsa, blogumuzdaki di\u011fer nitelikli tarihsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131za da g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz:<\/p>\r\n