{"id":992128,"date":"2026-01-23T15:43:51","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T12:43:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.wayanatapas.com\/?p=992128"},"modified":"2026-06-29T17:28:59","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T14:28:59","slug":"emile-bouffardin-1930-bagcilik-ve-sarapcilik-inceleme-raporu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.wayanatapas.com\/en\/emile-bouffardin-1930-bagcilik-ve-sarapcilik-inceleme-raporu\/","title":{"rendered":"Emile Bouffard\u2019s 1930 Report on Viticulture and Winemaking"},"content":{"rendered":"
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T\u00fcrk \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funun \u00f6ncesinde ve ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r travmalar ya\u015fad\u0131. 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Ermeni tehciri ve 1923-24 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki M\u00fcbadele uygulamalar\u0131 sonucunda, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyunca gayrim\u00fcslim ahali taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131. Anadolu k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131ndan birisi olabilecek ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yeni tekniklerin \u00fclkeye kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar\u0131n ilki, Fransa\u2019dan bir uzman\u0131n getirilerek durum tespiti yapmas\u0131yla oldu. Emile Bouffard, 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’ye geldi ve Emile Bouffard’\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporla T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti modern ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n gereklerini yerine getirmeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The first concrete step taken to revive viticulture, which could have become a major source of income for Anatolian farmers, and to introduce modern techniques into the country, was the invitation of a French expert to assess the situation on site.\nDuring his stay in T\u00fcrkiye, Emile Bouffard compiled his observations, conclusions, and recommendations into a detailed report. We have summarized the Turkish edition of this report. We owe special thanks to our dear academic colleague Yusuf Can \u0130ndibay, who guided us in accessing this valuable document.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yazar:<\/h3>\r\n

\u015earap Uzman\u0131 M\u00f6sy\u00f6 Emile Bouffart<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yay\u0131mlayan:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u0130spirto ve \u0130spirtolu \u0130\u00e7kiler \u0130nhisar \u0130daresi (Tekel)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>

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\"Emile<\/figure>\r\n<\/div><\/div>
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INTRODUCTION<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

During our long journeys through T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s vineyard regions, we had the opportunity to gather a great deal of valuable information. I would like to express my gratitude to the Monopoly Administration, to agricultural and municipal officials, to winemakers and winegrowers who assisted us in fulfilling our mission. In particular, vine growers may rest assured that I shall always work with sincere dedication for the improvement of their conditions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Our investigations were conducted under the following headings:<\/p>\r\n

\u0130klim:<\/h3>\r\n

B\u00f6lgedeki bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferleri, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve nem durumu.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Toprak Yap\u0131s\u0131:<\/h3>\r\n

Alt ve \u00fcst tabakan\u0131n mineralojik yap\u0131s\u0131 ve nem derecesi.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k:<\/h3>\r\n

\u00dcz\u00fcm cinsleri, karakterleri ve \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k bilimi (enoloji) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferleri.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u015earap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k:<\/h3>\r\n

Mevcut \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri ve gelecekte uygulanmas\u0131 gereken modern usuller.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

REGIONAL STUDIES<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ZM\u0130R AND MAN\u0130SA<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bornova:<\/h4>\r\n

\u015earkta Hac\u0131lar, g\u00fcneyde I\u015f\u0131klar ve bat\u0131da deniz ile \u00e7evrili bereketli bir vadidir. Topra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok zengin ve su boldur. Bornova Mektebi ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011fimizde, ba\u011flara iyi bak\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. K\u00fct\u00fcklerde \u00e7atlaklar vard\u0131r ve budama i\u015flemleri yetersizdir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Buca:<\/h4>\r\n

Fransa\u2019n\u0131n kire\u00e7li tepelerine benzer. Topra\u011f\u0131 kahverengiye \u00e7alan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renktedir. Burada yeti\u015fen Misket<\/strong> \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli tatl\u0131 \u015faraplar yap\u0131labilece\u011fine kaniyim.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Siyah \u00dcz\u00fcmler:<\/h4>\r\n

Dimrit, Tokmak ve \u0130ri Kara gibi cinsler k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015farap imaline uygundur. Ancak ba\u011flara bak\u0131m usul\u00fc \u0131slah edilmelidir. Ba\u011flar\u0131 istila eden yabani otlar (ayr\u0131k ve kanya\u015f), insana bazen terk edilmi\u015f ba\u011flarda dola\u015f\u0131yormu\u015f hissi vermektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Manisa ve Kasaba (Turgutlu):<\/h4>\r\n

Gediz vadisinin sol taraf\u0131 tamamen ba\u011fl\u0131kt\u0131r. Ba\u011flar m\u00fckemmel \u00fcr\u00fcn vermektedir. Burada Thompson Seedless<\/strong> \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z incelemelerde, bu cinsin T\u00fcrk ba\u011fc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n elindeki en m\u00fckemmel t\u00fcrlerden biri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fck.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

BURSA<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The soil of the Bursa Agricultural School consists mainly of infertile sand. Due to climatic influence, grapes ripen late. However, Misi Village resembles an oasis with its greenery, and its growers are highly eager to modernize. The white \u201c\u015e\u0131ral\u0131k\u201d grape yielded promising results in our trials.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

TEK\u0130RDA\u011e AND M\u00dcREFTE<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Marmara Sahili boyunca uzanan bu b\u00f6lge, \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gelece\u011fe sahiptir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Karalahna:<\/h4>\r\n

\u015earap \u00fcretiminden ba\u015fka bir \u015feye yaramayan bu \u00fcz\u00fcm, “kan gibi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131” rengiyle ihracat ve kupaj (harman) i\u00e7in e\u015fsizdir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

M\u00fcrefte:<\/h4>\r\n

Mevcut \u015faraplar ac\u0131 ve ek\u015fimsidir, ancak \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 d\u00fczeltilirse alt\u0131n renginde nefis \u015faraplar elde edilebilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

ED\u0130RNE AND KIRKLAREL\u0130<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sabuncu Tepeleri:<\/h4>\r\n

Eskiden ba\u011flarla kapl\u0131 olan bu vadilerin bug\u00fcn harabe halinde olmas\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Papas Karas\u0131:<\/h4>\r\n

Bottle Closure: Natural Cork \u2013 Technical Cork<\/strong>arap imali i\u00e7in fevkalade bir \u00fcz\u00fcm olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Amerikan anac\u0131 \u00fczerine a\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yok olma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Filoksera hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki ba\u011flar\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha fazla t\u00fcketmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

BOZCAADA<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The island\u2019s most important grape is Kuntra<\/strong>. It produces garnet-colored, soft, fruity wines. The island is ideally suited for producing high-alcohol, high-quality sweet wines.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

ANKARA<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Wines produced by Monsieur Saksenberg in Ankara are free from foreign and bitter flavors, exceptionally clean and successful. Ankara\u2019s white wine possesses a delicate aroma.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

GENERAL ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Modernization in Viticulture<\/h3>\r\n

Amerikan Ana\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/h4>\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de filoksera (ba\u011f biti) hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yeni ba\u011flar mutlaka topra\u011fa uygun Amerikan ana\u00e7lar\u0131 (Riparia, Rupestris, Richter vb.) \u00fczerine a\u015f\u0131lanarak kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Toprak \u0130\u015fleme:<\/h4>\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de toprak el ile i\u015flendi\u011fi i\u00e7in maliyet \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir. Frans\u0131z ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi sapan, hayvan veya trakt\u00f6r kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Hastal\u0131kla M\u00fccadele:<\/h4>\r\n

K\u00fclleme ve mildiy\u00f6 gibi mantar hastal\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan ila\u00e7lamalar yetersizdir. \u0130la\u00e7lama zamanlamas\u0131 bilimsel verilere (kelebek say\u0131m\u0131 vb.) g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Hygiene and Technique in Winemaking<\/h3>\r\n

Temizlik:<\/h4>\r\n

Pek \u00e7ok imalathane ne yaz\u0131k ki toz, \u00f6r\u00fcmcek a\u011flar\u0131 ve s\u0131zd\u0131ran f\u0131\u00e7\u0131larla dolu, sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z durumdad\u0131r. Bu durum t\u00fcketicide “i\u011frenme hissi” (hissi istikrah) uyand\u0131ran k\u00f6t\u00fc tatlara sebep olmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Modern Ekipman:<\/h4>\r\n

“Ayakla ezme” gibi ilkel y\u00f6ntemler terk edilmeli; yerine modern makineler ve temizli\u011fi kolay betonarme sarn\u0131\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Katk\u0131 Maddeleri:<\/h4>\r\n

\u015earaba asla su kat\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r; bu hem hiledir hem de \u015farab\u0131n dengesini bozar. K\u00fck\u00fcrt ve saf maya kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u015farab\u0131n bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Economic Objectives<\/h3>\r\n

Halk\u0131n \u015earab\u0131:<\/h4>\r\n

\u015earap bir l\u00fcks t\u00fcketim maddesi (ziynet i\u00e7kisi) de\u011fil, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir <\/span>“halk i\u00e7kisi”<\/strong> olarak kabul edilmelidir. Fiyatlar halk\u0131n alabilece\u011fi seviyeye \u00e7ekilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Damak Tad\u0131n\u0131n E\u011fitilmesi:<\/h4>\r\n

“Lezzet tad\u0131m merkezleri” kurularak ve reklamlar yap\u0131larak halk\u0131n damak zevki (zaikas\u0131) terbiye edilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Kalite Kontrol\u00fc:<\/h4>\r\n

\u015earaba hile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlara \u015fiddetli cezalar verilmeli, \u00fcretim laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 \u015fekilde denetlenmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Yeni Pazarlar:<\/h4>\r\n

Sadece sofra \u015farab\u0131 de\u011fil; konyak benzeri, k\u00f6p\u00fckl\u00fc \u015farap (\u015fampanya usul\u00fc) ve lik\u00f6r \u015faraplar\u0131 da \u00fcretilerek ihra\u00e7 edilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

In the End<\/h3>\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye, iklimi itibar\u0131yla m\u00fckemmel bir ba\u011f memleketidir. Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k nank\u00f6r bir ziraat olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131 ve memleket i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir servet kayna\u011f\u0131 haline getirilmelidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Emile Bouffard’\u0131n Raporuyla \u0130lgili Son S\u00f6z<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Following Emile Bouffard\u2019s visit, French varieties such as Semillon, Gamay, Cinsault, and Silvaner were planted in T\u00fcrkiye. Only a small fraction of these vineyards has survived to this day.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bouffard\u2019\u0131n geli\u015finden on y\u0131l sonra bu kez Marcel Biron T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye davet edildi. Yerel \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin \u0131slah\u0131 ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131 olan Biron zaman\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye OIV-Uluslararas\u0131 Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve \u015earap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne \u00fcye oldu. Bu d\u00f6nem, ayr\u0131 bir yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u015eu tespiti yapmam\u0131z ve hat\u0131rlamam\u0131zda fayda var: Cumhuriyet\u2019in \u00f6nceli\u011fi ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kalk\u0131nmas\u0131yla k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn gelirinin y\u00fckseltilmesiydi. Devlet politikalar\u0131n\u0131n uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 TEKEL, k\u00f6yl\u00fcye al\u0131m garantisi vererek ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam etmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye bu sayede, b\u00fct\u00fcn olumsuzluklara kar\u015f\u0131n, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n alt\u0131nc\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00fcreticisi. Ancak TEKEL, hi\u00e7bir zaman nitelikli \u015farap \u00fcretme \u00f6nceli\u011fiyle hareket etmedi. Bu da nitelikli \u015farap \u00fcretiminin \u00fclkede hayat bulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok sonralar\u0131 ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r eliyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\r\n

Emile Bouffard’\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’ye davet edilmesi ve sonras\u0131nda benzer donan\u0131ma sahip uzmanlar\u0131n da gelmesi, T\u00fcrkiye’de modern ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k tekniklerinin yerle\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. E\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak Ziraat Fak\u00fclteleri’nin kurulmas\u0131yla nitelikli eleman yeti\u015fmesi konusunda ilerlemeler kaydedildi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The idea of viewing wine as a high value-added and foreign-currency-generating product gained prominence in the 1940s. After participating as an observer in the 1947 OIV Conference, T\u00fcrkiye later hosted the conference in Istanbul. These were the years when Turkish winemaking came closest to real transformation. Yet the policies of the new government elected in 1950 prevented this momentum from continuing.<\/p>\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131kla, \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla ve alkol yasaklar\u0131yla ilgili geli\u015fmeleri ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z var. Bunlardan ilginizi \u00e7ekenlere g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Alkol D\u00fczenlemelerinin Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Anatomisi: Yasaklar m\u0131? Ekonomi mi?<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n

Or Is This the Last Harvest?<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cumhuriyet’in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Fransa’dan davet edilen uzman Emile Bouffard, T\u00fcrkiye’nin ba\u011f b\u00f6lgelerini gezerek kapsaml\u0131 bir ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k inceleme raporu haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Yerel \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fitlerinden filoksera m\u00fccadelesine, modern \u00fcretim tekniklerinden ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k politikalar\u0131na kadar uzanan bu belge, T\u00fcrk ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k tarihinin en \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu yaz\u0131da raporun \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131 \u00f6zetliyoruz.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":992129,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[266],"tags":[393,532,530,534,229,533,531,332,167],"class_list":["post-992128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sarap-ve-politika","tag-bagcilik-politikalari","tag-cumhuriyet-donemi-bagcilik","tag-emile-bouffard","tag-marcel-biron","tag-sarap-tarihi","tag-tekel","tag-turk-bagcilik-tarihi","tag-turk-sarapciligi","tag-yerel-uzumler"],"yoast_head":"\nEmile Bouffard\u2019\u0131n 1930 Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve \u015earap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u0130nceleme Raporu - Lagar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Emile Bouffard'\u0131n 1930 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